The ability of the radar system to overcome these unwanted signals defines its Clutter refers to radio frequency (RF) echoes returned from targets which are uninteresting to the radar operators. Signals travelling along that beam will be reinforced. A further advantage is that the radar can operate effectively at relatively low frequencies. Phased array radars are valued for use in aircraft since they can track multiple targets. ? The mastery of technology covers the design, antenna fabrication, electronic devices (transmitter and receiver), signal processing devices, Plan Position Indicator (PPI) / … Radar was originally developed to detect enemy aircraft during World War II, but it is now widely used in everything from police speed-detector guns to weather forecasting. The range is determined by the calculating the time taken by the signal to travel from the RADAR to the target and back. The space between each transmit pulse is divided into range cells or range gates. This leaves the radar with the problem of deciding where the target object is located. The RADAR system generally consists of a transmitter which produces an electromagnetic signal which is radiated into space by an antenna. This evolved in the civilian field into applications for aircraft, ships, and automobiles.Radar technology has recently been used for vital sign monitoring and human activity monitoring.Radar receivers are usually, but not always, in the same location as the transmitter. ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Terrestrial radar uses low-power FM signals that cover a larger frequency range. When the reflector is moving at right angle to the radar beam, it has no relative velocity. ?? In some radar systems, or alternatively in the command and control system to which the radar is connected, a Radio signals broadcast from a single antenna will spread out in all directions, and likewise a single antenna will receive signals equally from all directions. To measure range and location of moving objects, Doppler Effect is used.Pulsed RADAR sends high power and high frequency pulses towards the target object. Such targets include natural objects such as ground, sea, and when not being tasked for meteorological purposes, Clutter is detected and neutralized in several ways. Distance may also be measured as a function of time. Sea clutter can be reduced by using horizontal polarization, while rain is reduced with Clutter moves with the wind or is stationary. The signal is first generated using a waveform generator and then amplified in the power amplifier. Jamming may be intentional, as with an Jamming is problematic to radar since the jamming signal only needs to travel one way (from the jammer to the radar receiver) whereas the radar echoes travel two ways (radar-target-radar) and are therefore significantly reduced in power by the time they return to the radar receiver in accordance with Mainlobe jamming can generally only be reduced by narrowing the mainlobe These two effects tend to be at odds with each other, and it is not easy to combine both good short range and good long range in a single radar. This can degrade or enhance radar performance depending upon how it affects the detection process. Signal processing can take advantage of this phenomenon to reduce the noise floor using two strategies.

The newest radars fire two pulses during one cell, one for short range (about 10 km (6.2 mi)) and a separate signal for longer ranges (about 100 km (62 mi)). The current Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) system provides Doppler radar coverage to most regions of the United States (NRC, 1995). The first aircraft to use a phased array radar was the The traditional band names originated as code-names during World War II and are still in military and aviation use throughout the world. If the transmitter's output is coherent (phase synchronized), there is another effect that can be used to make almost instant speed measurements (no memory is required), known as the It is possible to make a Doppler radar without any pulsing, known as a When using a pulsed radar, the variation between the phase of successive returns gives the distance the target has moved between pulses, and thus its speed can be calculated. The first use of radar was for military purposes: to locate air, ground and sea targets. If the impulse comes into contact with an obstacle, that object will refract, reflect, and scatter the signal. Traditional moving-antenna designs are still widely used in roles where cost is a significant factor such as air traffic surveillance and similar systems. A radar beam follows a linear path in vacuum but follows a somewhat curved path in atmosphere due to variation in the The maximum range of conventional radar can be limited by a number of factors: If the wavelength is much shorter than the target's size, the wave will bounce off in a way similar to the way light is reflected by a Short radio waves reflect from curves and corners in a way similar to glint from a rounded piece of glass. Passive radar depends upon the object sending a signal to the receiver. For example, array elements producing a 5 degree phase shift for each wavelength across the array face will produce a beam pointed 5 degrees away from the centreline perpendicular to the array face. As the price of electronics has fallen, phased array radars have become more common.

Imagine trying to land a jumbo jet the size of a large building on a short strip of tarmac, in the middle of a city, in the depth of the night, in thick fog.
Clutter tends to appear static between radar scans; on subsequent scan echoes, desirable targets will appear to move, and all stationary echoes can be eliminated. 1981884, granted 27 Nov. 1934Frederick Seitz, Norman G. Einspruch, Electronic Genie: The Tangled History of Silicon - 1998 - page 104John Erickson. The multiple reflections are analyzed mathematically for pattern changes with multiple passes creating a computerized synthetic image.

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